RUPTL 2025–2034: Indonesia’s Green Energy Blueprint

On May 26, 2025, Indonesia embarked on a new chapter in energy transformation with the launch of the 2025-2034 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Bahlil Lahadalia. More than just a technical document, the new RUPTL serves as an ambitious and visionary roadmap to realize a reliable, clean, equitable and inclusive national electricity system. Developed in line with the National Energy Policy (KEN) and the National Electricity General Plan (RUKN) 2025-2060, the RUPTL is an important milestone towards the goal of Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060, while strengthening the foundation for national economic growth towards the Golden Indonesia 2045.

The 2025–2034 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) targets the development of 69,5 gigawatts (GW) of new power generation capacity in two strategic phases. The first five years will focus on building 27,9 GW from renewable energy, gas, and nearly completed coal power plants. The following five years will be dominated by renewable energy and energy storage systems, which are expected to account for up to 90% of the total capacity additions. This marks a significant shift toward New and Renewable Energy (NRE), which will contribute up to 76% of new generation, including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and bioenergy sources. Nuclear energy technology is also being introduced through the construction of two small modular reactors in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

This ambition is supported by large-scale national electricity infrastructure development, including 48.000 circuit kilometers of transmission lines and 108.000 MVA of substation capacity to connect western and eastern regions of Indonesia. Beyond national energy security, the RUPTL also addresses critical social aspects through the village electrification program (Lisdes), targeting remote, outermost, and disadvantaged (3T) areas. The government plans to provide 24-hour electricity access to 5.758 unelectrified villages by building 394 MW of generation capacity and connecting over 780.000 households. This initiative brings not only light but also hope stimulating local economic growth, creating jobs, and enhancing social inclusion.

The total investment required to realize the 2025–2034 RUPTL is projected at USD 188 billion (IDR 2.967,4 trillion). This substantial figure reflects Indonesia’s ambition to drive the energy transition toward a more modern, resilient, and sustainable national electricity system. Of this amount, approximately USD 171 billion (IDR 2.699 trillion) will be allocated to power generation, transmission, distribution, and supporting infrastructure, while USD 17 billion (IDR 268 trillion) will be used for Maintenance Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Interest During Construction (IDC). Over 70% of power generation investment is expected to come from the private sector through the Independent Power Producer (IPP) scheme. Therefore, the government and PLN are committed to creating a conducive investment ecosystem to optimize private sector participation. During this period, more than 1,7 million jobs are expected to be created, including 760.000 green jobs across generation, manufacturing, construction, as well as operation and maintenance sectors.

Source: PT PLN (Persero). (2025, Juni 2). RUPTL 2025–2034: Beyond the Greenest RUPTL [Materi Diseminasi RUPTL 2025–2034]. PT PLN (Persero). https://www.pln.co.id

The strength of the 2025–2034 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) is also reflected in its projected increase of the renewable energy mix to 34,3% by 2034 approximately 2,5 times higher than the current level and even exceeding the targets set in the National Energy General Plan (RUKN). In addition, this RUPTL has been designed with a minimum reserve margin of 30% across all power systems to ensure the reliability and resilience of the national energy supply.

The 2025–2034 RUPTL represents a historic milestone, showcasing Indonesia’s serious commitment to reshaping its national energy system through a greener, fairer, and future-oriented approach. Its formulation is the result of strong synergy between the government and the House of Representatives (DPR RI), beginning with the approval of Commission VII for the 2021–2024 period on September 5, 2024, and finalized by the subsequent legislative session on May 26, 2025. This inter-institutional collaboration serves as clear evidence that energy transition is not merely about capacity targets, but a shared commitment to making energy a driving force for inclusive and sustainable development, leaving no one behind.

The following is a comparison table between RUPTL 2021–2030 and RUPTL 2025–2034, presented in a clear and organized format to highlight the key differences:

Aspect	RUPTL 2021–2030	RUPTL 2025–2034
Planning Approach	Static and unresponsive to demand changes	More dynamic, demand-driven, with shockbreaker mechanisms
Utilization of Solar & Wind	Very small share	Increased penetration thanks to smart grid implementation
Investor Interest in RE Projects	Low, investors worried due to uncertainty	High, investors more confident to invest in renewable projects
Demand Fluctuation Risk Mitigation	Not considered	Mapped and mitigated with a more adaptive approach
Geospatial Approach	National aggregate without considering geographic distribution of RE potential	Geospatial-based, regional system balance approach
Location vs Demand Suitability	Mismatch between RE potential sites and demand centers	Backbone & fishbone transmission networks (48,000 km) built for RE evacuation
Supporting Technology	No adoption of advanced technology	Smart grid implementation for improved efficiency and RE integration

In planning the electricity infrastructure in the 2025-2034 RUPTL, PLN comprehensively considers the 5 elements of sustainability that are the focus of the Government of Indonesia.

Source: www.pln.co.id 

1. Energy Security

• Relevant Institution: Republic of Indonesia (in general, through national policy)

• Meaning: This pillar emphasizes the importance of ensuring the adequate, reliable, and sustainable availability of energy across all regions of Indonesia. It includes diversification of energy sources, equitable infrastructure development, and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which are vulnerable to global price fluctuations.

2. Environmental Sustainability

• Relevant Institution: Republic of Indonesia

• Meaning: Focused on the development of environmentally friendly energy sources, such as new and renewable energy (NRE), and the reduction of carbon emissions. This pillar supports the Net Zero Emissions 2060 target and represents Indonesia's commitment to addressing climate change.

3. Electricity System Sustainability

• Relevant Institution: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

• Meaning: Ensures the national electricity system can operate efficiently and reliably over the long term. This includes strengthening transmission networks, developing NRE power plants, advancing energy storage technologies, and integrating systems across Indonesia.

4. Corporate Financial Sustainability

• Relevant Institution: Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises and SOE entities (including PLN)

• Meaning: Ensures that PLN and its business partners operate in a financially healthy manner. This involves operational cost efficiency, financial risk management, and transparent, accountable project financing, including through partnerships with the private sector (IPPs).

5. Fiscal Sustainability

• Relevant Institution: Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia

• Meaning: Ensures that the financing of electricity projects does not place an excessive burden on the state budget (APBN). This pillar maintains a sound fiscal policy with prudent budget allocations and the optimization of long-term funding sources from both domestic and international avenues.

  
  

These five pillars form the national strategic framework for building a resilient and sustainable electricity system in Indonesia, while also supporting economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. The framework highlights cross-sectoral collaboration among government institutions, from energy and environment to finance and state-owned enterprises.

The latest RUPTL marks Indonesia’s serious commitment to accelerating the clean energy transition, particularly through a significant increase in the utilization of solar and wind energy (Variable Renewable Energy/VRE). By implementing smart technologies such as Smart Grid, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and flexible power generation, the capacity of solar and wind energy is targeted to rise drastically from just 5 GW to 27 GW by 2034. The integration of these technologies not only enables more massive capacity additions but also ensures the reliability of the electricity system in facing the variability of renewable energy sources. Without the support of these technologies, the capacity that the system can absorb would be much more limited, making the role of Smart Grid and storage systems crucial to maximize the potential of clean energy in Indonesia.

*   Includes 3 GW rooftop solar power plant

** Projected continuation after 2030